Citations In A Research Paper

You will need to create a bibliography or reference list of all of the sources that you use, but you will also need to indicate within the text where your information came from.Referencing is an essential part of writing any research paper, so err on the side of caution.

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Common knowledge in the field is generally fine, too, although you should err on the side of caution.

If you use class notes, some lecturers are not too worried about citations, although it is usually good practice to find a source saying the same information, from a textbook or journal.

The same is true of many electronic sources, although be careful that any non-attributed source is reliable.

The MLA style in text citation has two variations, the author/page number, although the modern trend is for author/year/page number, such as If there are more than two authors listed, then the usual standard is to mention both (Sargeant & Mc Evoy, 2008).

Common knowledge does not need to be referenced, and you can assume that any reader is fairly knowledgeable about the field.

For example, a psychologist will be aware of pavlovian conditioning, so you do not need to reference that if it from your own head. There are a number of ways in which you can reference the source, but most are based upon variations of MLA and APA style.By continuing to use this site, you consent to the use of cookies.We use cookies to offer you a better experience, personalize content, tailor advertising, provide social media features, and better understand the use of our services.The American Psychological Association standard (APA-standard) is used in most social and psychological papers, and variations of the author/date style are used by many scientific disciplines.For this style, after every paraphrase, you include the surname of the author and the date of writing.We use cookies to make interactions with our website easy and meaningful, to better understand the use of our services, and to tailor advertising.For further information, including about cookie settings, please read our Cookie Policy .A few standards, such as Chicago style and the Council of Biology Editors (BCE) use a footnote numbering system, where a number is used and cross-referenced with the endnote section and bibliography: It is always best to over cite, and avoid accusations of plagiarism, but there are a few times that citation is not necessary.General knowledge, such as 'Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA,' will not need referencing.It is perfectly acceptable to quote the work of others and, in fact, it is essential that you do so.Occasionally, you will use direct quotes from another source, but most of the time you will be paraphrasing the work.